[72] However, elections are routinely criticized by opposition groups as unfair and international human rights groups say that media censorship and harassment of political opponents continue. [112], In March 2006, Russia agreed to erase $4.74 billion of Algeria's Soviet-era debt[113] during a visit by Russian President Vladimir Putin to the country, the first by a Russian leader in half a century. To the north, the Tell Atlas form with the Saharan Atlas, further south, two parallel sets of reliefs in approaching eastbound, and between which are inserted vast plains and highlands. [58][59] On September 17, 1860, Napoleon declared "Our first duty is to take care of the happiness of the three million Arabs, whom the fate of arms has brought under our domination. In 2008, 11.2 million Algerians could read and write in French. Over 20,000 cannonballs were fired, much of the city and its fortifications were destroyed and most of the Algerian fleet was sunk. The historic roots of Algerian literature go back to the Numidian and Roman African era, when Apuleius wrote The Golden Ass, the only Latin novel to survive in its entirety. In addition, Algeria's external debt is extremely low at about 2% of GDP. A combination of violence and disease epidemics caused the indigenous Algerian population to decline by nearly one-third from 1830 to 1872. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and the Western Saharan territory, to the west by Morocco, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. Total military personnel include 147,000 active, 150,000 reserve, and 187,000 paramilitary staff (2008 estimate). [102][103][104], Homosexuality is illegal in Algeria. Playing cards, checkers and chess games are part of Algerian culture. [50], Despite being removed from Algeria in the 19th century, Spain retained a presence in Morocco. In return, Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika agreed to buy $7.5 billion worth of combat planes, air-defence systems and other arms from Russia, according to the head of Russia's state arms exporter Rosoboronexport. When Aruj was killed in 1518 during his invasion of Tlemcen, Hayreddin succeeded him as military commander of Algiers. Other known writers will contribute to the emergence of Algerian literature whom include Mouloud Feraoun, Malek Bennabi, Malek Haddad, Moufdi Zakaria, Abdelhamid Ben Badis, Mohamed Laïd Al-Khalifa, Mouloud Mammeri, Frantz Fanon, and Assia Djebar. The most commonly seen animals include the wild boars, jackals, and gazelles, although it is not uncommon to spot fennecs (foxes), and jerboas. It is the national prefix to be used to dialing to this country … Most of the population is Arab-Berber, practicing Islam and using the official languages of Arabic and Berber. There reigned in Ifriqiya, current Tunisia, a Berber family, Zirid, somehow recognising the suzerainty of the Fatimid caliph of Cairo. www.my-domain.dz Algerian pastry also contains Tunisian or French cakes. [90] According to the constitution, no political association may be formed if it is "based on differences in religion, language, race, gender, profession, or region". [169], Football is the most popular sport in Algeria. Sonatrach, the national oil company, is the largest company in Africa, supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe. The threat was so severe that residents abandoned the island of Formentera. Giving incentives and rewarding best performers, as well as offering funds in a faster and more flexible manner, are the two main principles underlying the European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI) that came into force in 2014. When introducing new provinces, the numbers of old provinces are kept, hence the non-alphabetical order. Algeria consistently opposed Spanish fortresses and control in nearby Morocco through the 20th century. On 24 February 2011, the government lifted Algeria's 19-year-old state of emergency. This country code 213 allows you to call Algeria from other countries. The school offers two programs: general or technical. Teachers of Arabic, brought in from other Muslim countries, spread conventional Islamic thought in schools and sowed the seeds of a return to Orthodox Islam. Gradually, dissatisfaction among the Muslim population, which lacked political and economic status in the colonial system, gave rise to demands for greater political autonomy and eventually independence from France. The Constantinois Malouf style is saved by musician from whom Mohamed Tahar Fergani is a performer. Neolithic civilization (animal domestication and agriculture) developed in the Saharan and Mediterranean Maghreb perhaps as early as 11,000 BC[18] or as late as between 6000 and 2000 BC. [64], During the late 19th and early 20th century; the European share was almost a fifth of the population. The Algerian road network is the densest in Africa; its length is estimated at 180,000 km (110,000 mi) of highways, with more than 3,756 structures and a paving rate of 85%. By the early 4th century BC, Berbers formed the single largest element of the Carthaginian army. 10/24 11/2 11/12 11/22 12/2 12/12 12/22 1/21012345678 ", Articles: 85, 87, 77, 78 and 79 of the Algerian constitution, Article 42 of the Algerian constitution –, "Loi 14-06 relative au service national", JORADP 48, August, 10th 2014, Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat, Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation, protests across the Middle East and North Africa, country is in already hot and arid geographies, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, "Distribution of Family Income – Gini Index", "The Site of Ain Hanech Revisited: New Investigations at this Lower Pleistocene Site in Northern Algeria", "Genomic Ancestry of North Africans Supports Back-to-Africa Migrations", "The Mysteries and Majesties of the Aeolian Islands", "When Europeans were slaves: Research suggests white slavery was much more common than previously believed", "Vísindavefurinn: Hverjir stóðu raunverulega að Tyrkjaráninu? [94], Women make up 70% of the country's lawyers and 60% of its judges and also dominate the field of medicine. Country Code 213 is the calling code for Algeria. Acacias with wild olives are the predominant flora in the remainder of the Sahara. "Islamic Politics and the Military – Algeria 1962–2008". Aghrout, Ahmed; Bougherira, Redha M. (2004). The Algeria area code table below shows the various city codes for Algeria. The cuisine uses cereals as the main products, since they are always produced with abundance in the country. Telephone calls to Algeria The + initiates an international call, followed by the country code (here 213 for Algeria). The Algerian Football Federation is an association of Algeria football clubs organizing national competitions and international matches of the selection of Algeria national football team. In 2008, the illiteracy rate for people over 10 was 22.3%, 15.6% for men and 29.0% for women. Elected politicians have relatively little sway over Algeria. 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