[275], Japanese philosophy has historically been a fusion of both foreign, particularly Chinese and Western, and uniquely Japanese elements. [74] Japan's industrial sector makes up approximately 27.5% of its GDP. Yamanashi Okinawa, A member state of the United Nations since 1956, Japan is one of the G4 nations seeking reform of the Security Council. Japan is bounded to the west by the Sea of Japan (East Sea), which separates it from the eastern shores of South and North Korea and southeastern Siberia (Russia); to the north by La Perouse (Sōya) Strait, separating it from Russian-held Sakhalin Island, and by the Sea of Okhotsk; to the northeast by the southern Kuril Islands (since World War II under Soviet and then Russian administration); to the east and south by the Pacific; and to the southwest by the East China Sea, which separates it from China. [298] Beer has been brewed in Japan since the late 17th century. He was appointed shōgun by Emperor Go-Yōzei in 1603 and established the Tokugawa shogunate at Edo (modern Tokyo). Maintenance of Public Safety and Disaster Countermeasures", "A Land Without Guns: How Japan Has Virtually Eliminated Shooting Deaths", "Victims of intentional homicide, 1990–2018", "Japan's Coronavirus Response Increases Public Debt Challenge", "Japan's rising child poverty exposes true cost of two decades of economic decline", "Exports of goods and services (% of GDP): Japan", "The 2018 World Cooperative Monitor: Exploring the Cooperative Economy", "Urbanites Help Sustain Japan's Historic Rice Paddy Terraces", "The spatial patterns in long-term temporal trends of three major crops' yields in Japan", "Grown from necessity: Vertical farming takes off in aging Japan", "The state of world fisheries and aquaculture", "Japan to exceed bluefin tuna quota amid warnings of commercial extinction", "Japan resumes commercial whaling after 30 years", "Manufacturing, value added (current US$)", "Is time running out for Japan's car industry? Omissions? [43][41] Modern Japan's economic growth began in this period, resulting in roads and water transportation routes, as well as financial instruments such as futures contracts, banking and insurance of the Osaka rice brokers. The mountains of the Chūgoku and Shikoku regions shelter the Seto Inland Sea from seasonal winds, bringing mild weather year-round. A great civilization then developed first at Nara in the 8th century and then at Heian-kyō (now Kyōto) from the late 8th to the late 12th century. [29], Tokugawa Ieyasu served as regent for Hideyoshi's son Toyotomi Hideyori and used his position to gain political and military support. Tokyo [152] The Japanese variant of capitalism has many distinct features: keiretsu enterprises are influential, and lifetime employment and seniority-based career advancement are common in the Japanese work environment. In the summer, the region sometimes experiences extremely hot temperatures because of the foehn. [53][56][57] This process accelerated during the 1930s, spawning a number of radical nationalist groups that shared a hostility to liberal democracy and a dedication to expansion in Asia. [315] Japan has one of the most successful football teams in Asia, winning the Asian Cup four times,[316] and the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2011. Shikoku, the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. 7. [255], Japan has one of the world's highest suicide rates. 12. [104] It consists of a lower House of Representatives with 465 seats, elected by popular vote every four years or when dissolved, and an upper House of Councillors with 245 seats, whose popularly-elected members serve six-year terms. Many Japanese people practice both Shinto and Buddhism; they can either identify with both religions or describe themselves as non-religious or spiritual. Okayama The Island of Kyushu. Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz, This quiz will present you with the name of a country. Although it has renounced its right to declare war, the country maintains Self-Defense Forces that are ranked as the world's fourth-most powerful military. The third largest of Japan's big islands, Kyushu is to the southwest of … [287], Officially, Japan has 16 national, government-recognized holidays. [279] Kumi-daiko (ensemble drumming) was developed in postwar Japan and became very popular in North America. [301] Japanese television dramas are viewed both within Japan and internationally;[302] other popular shows are in the genres of variety shows, comedy, and news programs. [201] Japan lacks significant domestic reserves and has a heavy dependence on imported energy. [253] Approximately 60 percent of Japanese aged 25 to 34 have some form of tertiary education qualification, and bachelor's degrees are held by 30.4 percent of Japanese aged 25 to 64, the second most in the OECD after South Korea. [306][307] Japanese animated films and television series, known as anime, were largely influenced by Japanese manga and have been extensively popular in the West. Japan and Russia have never signed a peace treaty to end their World War II conflict. Japan is a great power and a member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations (since 1956), the OECD, and the Group of Seven. [199] The Sendai Nuclear Power Plant restarted in 2015,[200] and since then several other nuclear power plants have been restarted. [123][124], Japan is engaged in several territorial disputes with its neighbors. The culture of Japan is well-known around the world, including its art, cuisine, music, and popular culture, which encompasses prominent animation and video game industries. [180], Japan leads the world in robotics production and use, supplying 55% of the world's 2017 total. Few tourists have ever heard of them. Shimane In 1896, Japan established a civil code based on the German Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, which remains in effect with post–World War II modifications. [103], Japan is a unitary state and constitutional monarchy in which the power of the Emperor is limited to a ceremonial role. [96], In the period of rapid economic growth after World War II, environmental policies were downplayed by the government and industrial corporations; as a result, environmental pollution was widespread in the 1950s and 1960s. Kōchi, 40. [151] As of 2019[update], Japan's main export markets were the United States (19.8 percent) and China (19.1 percent). The Ryukyu and Nanpō Islands have a subtropical climate, with warm winters and hot summers. [249] Japan is one of the top-performing OECD countries in reading literacy, math and sciences with the average student scoring 529 and has one of the world's highest-educated labor forces among OECD countries. Yamato decline and the introduction of Buddhism, The idealized government of Prince Shōtoku, Kamakura culture: the new Buddhism and its influence, The Muromachi (or Ashikaga) period (1338–1573), The Kemmu Restoration and the dual dynasties, Official Tourism Site of the city of Osaka, Japan, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Japan, Official Site of the Embassy of Japan in Denmark, Japan - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Japan - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [292] Japanese curry, since its introduction to Japan from British India, is so widely consumed that it can be termed a national dish, alongside ramen and sushi. [125] South Korea's control of the Liancourt Rocks is acknowledged but not accepted as they are claimed by Japan. [97] The oil crisis in 1973 also encouraged the efficient use of energy because of Japan's lack of natural resources. [282], The four traditional theaters from Japan are noh, kyōgen, kabuki, and bunraku. [277], Japanese music is eclectic and diverse. Japan, island country lying off the east coast of Asia. 43. 17. of Muslims, mosques on the rise in Japan amid some misconceptions, prejudice", "Japan 2018 International Religious Freedom Report", "Japan going the wrong way in English-education reform", "Compulsory nine-year school system kicks off in Japan", "Japan – Student performance (PISA 2015)", "Japan Might Be What Equality in Education Looks Like", "Cultural influences on suicide in Japan", "Smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes in Japan: A systematic review and meta-analysis", "Administration of Cultural Affairs in Japan", 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T043440, "What Karaoke Means to the Country That Invented It", "National holidays trace roots to China, ancients, harvests", "A brief history of how curry ended up in Japan", "Television Viewing and Media Use Today: From "The Japanese and Television 2015" Survey", "What are the most popular Japanese TV shows? Tokushima It stretches over 3000 km (1900 mi) northeast–southwest from the Sea of Okhotsk to the East China Sea. [116] In 2017, Japan had the fifth largest diplomatic network in the world. [171][172], Japan attracted 31.9 million international tourists in 2019. [26] These legal reforms created the ritsuryō state, a system of Chinese-style centralized government that remained in place for half a millennium. [297], Popular Japanese beverages include sake, which is a brewed rice beverage that typically contains 14–17% alcohol and is made by multiple fermentation of rice. [13] The first version of the name in English appears in a book published in 1577, which spelled the name as Giapan in a translation of a 1565 Portuguese letter. [265] Since the 19th century, Japan has incorporated much of Western modern architecture into construction and design. [68], The climate of Japan is predominantly temperate but varies greatly from north to south. [82] Destructive earthquakes, often resulting in tsunami, occur several times each century;[83] the 1923 Tokyo earthquake killed over 140,000 people. Kagoshima [296] Ingredients such as red bean paste and mochi are used. 42. Together they are often known as the Japanese archipelago. Between the 4th and 9th centuries, the kingdoms of Japan became unified under an emperor and his imperial court based in Heian-kyō. 11. [176] Relative to gross domestic product, Japan's research and development budget is the second highest in the world,[177] with 867,000 researchers sharing a 19-trillion-yen research and development budget as of 2017[update]. over time when the plates moved, these islands … You have to decide whether it’s in the Northern Hemisphere or the Southern Hemisphere. Approximately 430 are inhabited. [161] There has been a growing concern about farming as farmers are aging with a difficult time finding successors. [211] Primary minority groups include the indigenous Ainu and Ryukyuan people,[212] as well as social minority groups like the burakumin. [80] It has the 17th highest natural disaster risk as measured in the 2016 World Risk Index. [238] English instruction was made mandatory in Japanese elementary schools in 2020. Gunma 20. [248], The Programme for International Student Assessment coordinated by the OECD ranks the knowledge and skills of Japanese 15-year-olds as the third best in the world. Natsume Sōseki and Mori Ōgai were significant novelists in the early 20th century, followed by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Kafū Nagai and, more recently, Haruki Murakami and Kenji Nakagami. 19. [115] It is the world's fifth largest donor of official development assistance, donating US$9.2 billion in 2014. [237], Japanese writing uses kanji (Chinese characters) and two sets of kana (syllabaries based on cursive script and radical of kanji), as well as the Latin alphabet and Arabic numerals. Oki Islands; Sado Island; Todo Island; Mitsuke Island; Islands in … 18. [12] The old Malay name for Japan, Japang or Japun, was borrowed from a southern coastal Chinese dialect and encountered by Portuguese traders in Southeast Asia, who brought the word to Europe in the early 16th century. Tokyo is Japan's capital and largest city; other major cities include Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto. ", "Radiocarbon Dates and Archaeology of the Late Pleistocene in the Japanese Islands", "Jōmon Culture (ca. [310] Japanese martial arts such as judo and kendo are taught as part of the compulsory junior high school curriculum. [120], Japan's relationship with South Korea had historically been strained because of Japan's treatment of Koreans during Japanese colonial rule, particularly over the issue of comfort women. [53] The Allies (led by the United States) repatriated millions of Japanese settlers from their former colonies and military camps throughout Asia, largely eliminating the Japanese empire and its influence over the territories it conquered. Japan is divided into 47 administrative prefectures and eight traditional regions. [221][222] Japan's population is expected to drop to around 100 million by 2050. Cherry blossoms are a symbol of isagiyosa in the sense of embracing the transience of the world. Gifu [106] Elected in the 2020 Japanese prime minister election, Yoshihide Suga is Japan's prime minister. [311] Baseball is the most popular spectator sport in the country. The Japanese landscape is rugged, with more than four-fifths of the land surface consisting of mountains. [186] The space probe Akatsuki was launched in 2010 and achieved orbit around Venus in 2015. [163] Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch,[74] prompting critiques that Japan's fishing is leading to depletion in fish stocks such as tuna. Japan, island country lying off the east coast of Asia.It consists of a great string of islands in a northeast-southwest arc that stretches for approximately 1,500 miles (2,400 km) through the western North Pacific Ocean.Nearly the entire land area is taken up by the country’s four main islands; from north to south these are Hokkaido (Hokkaidō), Honshu (Honshū), … [227] Upper estimates suggest that 84–96 percent of the Japanese population subscribe to Shinto as its indigenous religion. [22] According to legend, Emperor Jimmu (grandson of Amaterasu) founded a kingdom in central Japan in 660 BC, beginning a continuous imperial line. [29] Go-Daigo was defeated by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336, beginning the Muromachi period (1336–1573). [46] Adopting Western political, judicial, and military institutions, the Cabinet organized the Privy Council, introduced the Meiji Constitution, and assembled the Imperial Diet. 6. /TASS/. Responding to rising concern, the government introduced environmental protection laws in 1970. [204] Access to an improved water source is universal in Japan. A knot of three large, inhabited islands and numerous pinpricks of sand … [324] The country hosts major races such as the Japanese Grand Prix. [104], Japan's legislative organ is the National Diet, a bicameral parliament. Okinawa is located between the East China Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, it is the largest and most populated on the 72 islands in the chain that make up the Ryukyu Archipelago. After a century-long period of civil war, the country was reunified in 1603 under the Tokugawa shogunate, which enacted an isolationist foreign policy. [44] The study of Western sciences (rangaku) continued through contact with the Dutch enclave in Nagasaki. [234], About 90% of those practicing Islam in Japan are foreign-born migrants as of 2016[update]. [235] As of 2018[update] there were an estimated 105 mosques and 200,000 Muslims in Japan, 43,000 of which were ethnically Japanese. [110] The Constitution of Japan, adopted in 1947, is the oldest unamended constitution in the world. [106], Japan ranks 29th of 190 countries in the 2019 ease of doing business index. [41] Subsequent similar treaties with other Western countries brought economic and political crises. The seven centuries thereafter were a period of domination by military rulers culminating in near isolation from the outside world from the early 17th to the mid-19th century. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [173] For inbound tourism, Japan was ranked 11th in the world in 2019. [52][53], The early 20th century saw a period of Taishō democracy (1912–1926) overshadowed by increasing expansionism and militarization. [121] The 1990s saw increased interest in Korean culture in Japan, particularly related to food, travel, and the World Cup. The Kuril Islands dispute, also known in Japan as the Northern Territories dispute, is a disagreement between Japan and Russia and also some individuals of the Ainu people over sovereignty of the four southernmost Kuril Islands.The Kuril Islands is a chain of islands that stretch between the Japanese island of Hokkaido at the southern end and the Russian … [140], The Firearm and Sword Possession Control Law strictly regulates the civilian ownership of guns, swords and other weaponry. [165], Japan has a large industrial capacity and is home to some of the "largest and most technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemical substances, textiles, and processed foods". Shikoku (四国, literally "four provinces") is one of the five main islands of Japan.Shikoku is the second-smallest main island after Okinawa. [91] Japan has over 90,000 species of wildlife as of 2019[update],[92] including the brown bear, the Japanese macaque, the Japanese raccoon dog, the small Japanese field mouse, and the Japanese giant salamander. [138] The Special Assault Team comprises national-level counter-terrorism tactical units that cooperate with territorial-level Anti-Firearms Squads and Counter-NBC Terrorism Squads. [143][144][145][146], Japan is the third largest national economy in the world, after the United States and China, in terms of nominal GDP,[147] and the fourth largest national economy in the world, after the United States, China and India, in terms of purchasing power parity as of 2019[update]. 37. They range from subtropical moist broadleaf forests in the Ryūkyū and Bonin Islands, to temperate broadleaf and mixed forests in the mild climate regions of the main islands, to temperate coniferous forests in the cold, winter portions of the northern islands. [53], The Empire of Japan invaded other parts of China in 1937, precipitating the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). 31 ], Japan has a population of 3.8 million ( as 2015... In 1937, Japan 's military since world War II as an Axis power both religions or themselves. Capital, Tokyo ( Tōkyō ), Fukui prefecture, Central Honshu, Japan 's court system is into. Other sources if you have any questions of Okhotsk to the Chrysanthemum in. 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