Recently named one of the New Seven Wonders of Nature, the Puerto Princesa Underground... 3. National Parks of the Philippines (Filipino: Pambansang Liwasan ng Pilipinas) are places of natural or historical value designated for protection and sustainable utilization by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources under the National Integrated Protected Areas System Act (1992).. Having opened its doors in May 2016, the park features a modern, interactive museum that provides visitors a venue to learn more about the mountain’s century-old pygmy forest and 12 endemic species of plants and animals, among others. For most visitors, a Philippines holiday includes outdoor adventures like kitesurfing, mountain trekking, spelunking, and volcano hiking. The Philippines is a treasure trove for nature-lovers. Bohol, Philippines; Shutterstock ID 73263778; Project/Title: Living Language Tagalog; Downloader: Fodor's Travel. Skip the viewing deck at Carmen and head for the less-promoted Sagbayan Peak for a good view of the Chocolate Hills. As Mayon is an active stratovolcano, it’s best to always check with local authorities for warning levels before and during your scheduled trip. In 2014, it was voted the second best island to visit in the country after Palawan. I want emails from Fodor's Travel with travel information and promotions. 1. The Coral Garden is a specific site with particularly accessible coral and fish species. Save some money by bringing your own snacks, lunch, and bottled water. Rising more than 2,400 meters above sea level, Mayon Volcano looms over Legazpi and its neighboring towns, a majestic cone dominating the flat plains of Albay. Donsol, Sorsogon is now synonymous to whale sharks (Rhincodon typus), with the municipality playing host to the largest congregation of whale sharks in the world. But aside from the butandings, as locals call them, Donsol is also home to thresher and white tip sharks, pelagics, and manta rays. Located in the old city of Intramuros, this is the best, most comprehensive collection of uniquely Filipino gifts you’ll find, including textiles, amulets, homegrown treats and much more. White Beach, 2. Be prepared for a bumpy ride in a “habal-habal,” a motorcycle ride typically with more than two people, and make sure to arrange your ride back. With this tour you'll get to visit one of the longest navigable underground river in the world. Rent a boat to see the islands up close and perhaps catch a glimpse of crab-eating macaques, Fraser’s dolphins, sea turtles, reticulated pythons, sea snakes, and other animals that call the Hundred Islands National Park their home. Visayas Set between Luzon in the north and Mindanao to the south, the Visayas region is characterized by being home to many, many islands; stunning white … “ It was a moderate exercise which we both enjoyed and to see the formations and some of the cave dwellers up close is an awesome natural thrill! It is actually a sandbar that offers a picturesque view of Mt. Having been blessed by natural wonders and historical treasures, the island is truly a paradise. In the place where the San Bernardino Strait and the Pacific Ocean converge, several small, rocky islands stand tall and stubborn. Visit during the dry season to see how the hills got their name, or if you’re the mint chocolate kind of guy/gal, visit during rainy season to see the hills in their lush green garb. Hibok-Hibok. Check out some tours and activities in Davao you can add to your travel itinerary From parks, beaches, conservation centers of rare animals, outdoor adventures, or feasting on unique local cuisine, the province has them all for you. Tubbataha Reef. El Nido Lagoons, and more.. I want emails from Fodor's Travel with travel information and promotions. Add these and more to your travel plan Inspiration to see the planet The island’s soft pinkish sand is a major draw, but don’t miss the ancient Badjao cemetery and mangrove lagoon. Hydrophis semperi, a venomous snake, and Sardinella tawilis, a freshwater sardine, are endemic to Taal Lake. Its sheer beauty (the name Mayon comes from the Bicolano word ‘magayon’ which means beautiful) hides a violent core, with past eruptions that flattened several towns. Get FREE email communications from Fodor's Travel, covering must-see travel destinations, expert trip planning advice, and travel inspiration to fuel your passion. If you can only shop one place in Manila, shop here. Covering an area of 50 square kilometers, the Chocolate Hills encompasses more than 1,000 Hershey’s Kisses-shaped hills. Book live-aboard dive boats one year in advance to ensure that dream dive becomes a reality. Arrive early to avoid crowds and relish the islands’ solitude and tranquility. Great Santa Cruz Island is a 15- to 30-minute boat ride from Zamboanga City and offers about 200 daily visitors clean, crystal clear waters and unspoiled sands that blush in the sunlight. Though it still maintains its mysterious air, many are now drawn to the island for its beaches and resorts, waterfalls, caves, and forests. Get to the site early (or risk waiting for hours) and make sure to have your entry permits on hand. Be on the lookout for impressive limestone karst and other rock formations like the “holy family” rock formation inside “the chapel.”. Donsol is a great diving spot, particularly Ticao and San Miguel islands. - A newly discovered water fall, Asik-asik falls is becoming a new tourist destination in the Philippines. The rice terraces stand as a testament to the ingenuity, culture, and tradition of the people who lived in the Cordillera mountain range and carved these “stairways to heaven” out of necessity 2,000 years ago. The park offers divers more than a dozen dive sites to explore, where incredibly beautiful, healthy corals and pelagics like manta rays, whale sharks, barracuda, and tuna thrive. According to the Philippines' Department of Environment and Natural Resources, major agricultural crops include corn, rice, sugarcane, abaca (hemp), and tobacco. Palawan Underground River. Fodor's may use your email address to send you relevant information on site updates, account changes, and offers. ... magical,sparkling, Christmas trees on the river The boat guide is filled with amazing facts just sit back and enjoy the natural wonder Insect repellent ... apart form the tours and attractions of the island. Though the island chain's location leaves it vulnerable to typhoons and earthquakes, it also endows it with plenty of natural resources and biodiversity. Then, between 9 and 11 a.m., magic happens in the “Niagara Falls of the Philippines” when a rainbow appears like clockwork. The country's diverse natural wonders make it a sought-after destination among adventurers. The best months for whale shark sightings are between March and May. Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Take a road trip to the “French Riviera of the North” (Patapat Viaduct); dip in the cool, refreshing waters of Kabigan Falls; or be inspired by Dos Hermanos Island, two identical mountains which, according to legend, were two brothers loyal to each other. 7 Tourist Spots That Can Be Seen From Space, 10 Fantastic Beasts of the Yucatan and Where to Find Them, This "Fully Nuts" Activity Has Kept Me Feeling Alive While Stuck at Home in Finland, This Dog-Sized Rodent Is Your New Favorite Animal, 20 Ultimate Things to Do in New York City, 10 Things to Do in Orlando Besides Theme Parks. Food can be bought from stores and restaurants in the park but it can be pricey. A journey to the rice terraces is best enjoyed with a guide who can tell you its rich history during your trek. Take public transportation from Dumaguete City and ask to be dropped off at Malatapay, a well-known market. If you’re staying overnight, remember to recharge your devices from 6 to 9 p.m.—the only period of the day when electricity is available on the island. It is also the only known habitat of the pitcher plant. I can unsubscribe any time using the unsubscribe link at the end of all emails. Plan your visit during the dry months of March to May. Tubbataha Reef is another UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Philippines. A visit to Pagudpud won’t be complete without taking a breather in one its many beaches and resorts—must-visits are Saud Beach and the “Blue Lagoon” (Maira-ira Point in Malingay Cove)—but there’s more to this coastal resort town than creamy white-sand beaches and sparkling cerulean seas. During the dry season the grass turns brow, hence the name. One of the top tourist attractions in the Philippines, The Chocolate Hills are unusual geological formations that consists of at least 1,268 individual mounds scattered throughout the interior of the island of Bohol. 6148 — An Act Declaring Mount Iglit, Mount Baco and the Adjoining Areas Situated in Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro and Bongabon, Oriental Mindoro as a National Park, Authorizing the Appropriation of Funds Necessary for the Development Thereof and For Other Purposes". With its stunning underwater landscape made … Hit two birds with one stone by visiting Sumlang Lake in Camalig, Albay and get a clear view of Mayon’s perfect cone. With a lake inside its crater and a lake around its base, the very active Taal Volcano is a glorious sight to behold whether up close or from afar (Tagaytay City in Cavite provides a full view of Taal Lake and Volcano). Snorkeling from 3 to 25 meters of water is a good way to see the island’s fringing reef. Be sure to board the boat back to the mainland before 4 p.m. unless you plan on staying overnight. It has become rare because of its beautiful striped skin that is used by leather manufacturers in Asia and Europe. More than 1000 small hills are situated in the region. The 16th century town of Vigan is “an exceptionally intact and well-preserved example of a European trading town in East and East Asia.” Its architecture reflects the fusion of cultural elements from the Philippines, China and Europe, resulting in a culture and townscape that has no parallel anywhere in East and Southeast Asia. Top Philippines Nature & Wildlife Areas: See reviews and photos of nature & wildlife areas in Philippines, Asia on Tripadvisor. Fly from Manila or Cebu to Davao City before heading on a three-hour ride to San Isidro. Manila Collectible Co. might not normally be listed as one of the top cultural attr… Don’t forget to take a break or end your day in Lazi, where you can get a foot spa treatment from fish while sitting in a pond underneath a century-old balete tree. The 12.84-hectare eco-park also houses a research center, gardens, camping grounds, butterfly trails, and a bird-watching deck. The smallest hills are 30 meters high while the largest are 120 meters high. Though located in the municipality of Dauin, Apo Island can be accessed through a 45-minute banca ride from the neighboring town of Zamboanguita. Don’t forget to bring enough drinking water, too. Schedule your dive with any of these Tubbataha partner operators. Without question, the Philippines is best known for its natural wonders, ranging from towering volcanoes to pristine coral reefs. Although the Maltese Islands may lack certain features such as mountains, rivers and forests which prevail in other countries, topographically speaking, the islands have much to offer. Within the island one can find the famous Malinta tunnel and other structures that were used during the war. The Chinese also had a significant presence in the country. The island of Boracay may be small, but it is one of the best places to visit in the Philippines. In the past, Siquijor was linked to mangkukulam (witches) and the occult. “ These caves provide a fun adventure in sagada as you scramble through the rocks in … The tour has minimal lighting (from headlamps) so bring a really good camera if you want to take photos. Lucap Wharf has a great sunrise view. Scattered over an area of 50 square kilometres, the Chocolate hills are synonymous to identity of Bohol. Located on the northern tip of mainland Palawan, the municipality of El Nido has been increasingly drawing tourists in year after year, with more travellers, both local and foreign, … While the country can’t boast anything truly monumental like the Pyramids of Giza or Mount Rushmore, it does have its fair share of remarkable constructions. Underground River Tour, Including Lunch from Puerto Princesa, Kawasan Falls and Mantayupan Falls in One Day from Cebu, Full-Day Moalboal Islands and Kawasan Falls Small-Group Tour from Cebu, Oslob Whale shark swimming & Canyoneering Adventure, Kawasan Falls Day Tour, Full Day Whale Shark Experience with Kawasan Falls and Tumalog Falls from Cebu, Canyoneering in Badian Direct Admission and Guided Experience, Palawan: Puerto Princesa and El Nido - 4 Days and 3 Nights, Puerto Princesa Palawan 4d3n Rm with Tours, Millions of travel reviews on TripAdvisor, Live like a local, find unique places to stay, Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Best natural attractions in Puerto Princesa. The rice terraces stand as a testament to the ingenuity, … Corregidor Island is a known historical attraction because of its significance to the Japanese era in the Philippines. From the world's largest bamboo organ to rice terraces to a walled city within a city, here's a list of these unique and spectacular sites: 1. Get bus tickets online in advance and don’t forget to bring ample cash, as there are no banks or ATMs where you’re going. The Chocolate Hills of Bohol This natural monument consists at least 1, 260 hills over an area of more than 50 square... 3. El Nido. Enclosed by old mossy trees, vines, and ferns, Tinuy-an Falls features powerful, surging water cascading like curtains in three levels. Whether you like outdoor adventures in the air, land, or water, take your pick from the following top activities to try during your trip in the Philippines: 15. “ All in all, it is all worth it as the cave is filled with beautiful rock formations, natural pools, and the experience of spelunking itself is exhilarating and will make you proud of yourself! With its gorgeous rock formations, pristine beaches, and clear aquamarine waters, El Nido is a place that makes Filipinos beam with pride. Non-divers can catch a glimpse of pristine coral reefs by snorkeling or they can scan the skies for endemic and migratory birds. The terraces have been declared as National Cultural Treasures of the Philippines . The sites are home to beautiful corals, different varieties of reef fish, turtles, and other marine animals. Whether you’re up for an ascent in one of its many mountains, down for some diving, looking forward to a trek through its rainforests for endemic flora and fauna or simply want to unwind at a white-sand beach, the Pearl of the Orient’s beauty is bound to captivate you. Retrieved July 24, 2019. The rice terraces are also a fine example of how delicate nature should be used for human gains. Undaunted by the onslaught of waves for millions of years, the Biri Island Rock Formations, of which Bel-at and Magasang are the most popular, are truly unique and awe-inspiring. The almost symmetrical and same-sized formations range from 98 to 164 feet (30 to 50 meters) high and are covered in green grass. Recognized as one of the New Seven Wonders of Nature, the Puerto Princesa Underground River is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A 45-minute tour will take you through the subterranean river system that’s 8.2 kilometers long and empties directly to the sea. Must-visit attractions include Salagdoong Beach Resort, Cantabon Cave, Mount Bandilaan, Cambugahay Falls, and San Juan de Capilay Lake. Mayon Volcano is one of the most beautiful places to visit in the Philippines and is a top attraction in tours of Bicol region. Puerto Princesa Underground River, 3. Sardine Run Diving in Moalboal, Cebu Your best walking companion will be a big, sturdy stick. Get in touch with Zamboanga City’s tourism department to book a reservation between one and 30 days before your actual visit. It is the widest waterfall in Mindanao at 95 meters (311 feet). But its splendor wouldn’t be the same without Taal Lake, which holds wonders of its own. Top 10 Attractions in Philippines - 1. … Here are the top 15 you shouldn’t miss. 15 Must-See Natural Wonders of the Philippines Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park. One theory holds that the Chocolate Hills are th… The Philippines, an archipelago with 7100+ islands offers quite a few of this. 2021's top natural attractions in Philippines include Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Chocolate Hills Natural Monument + Kayangan Lake. Schedule your visit during February to October, when the weather is most agreeable for a dive. The best way to enjoy the lake and volcano include trekking up Mount Makulot, joining a yacht tour, or simply soaking in the sights. Traveling throughout the Philippines is easy, so you can play it by ear as you review some of the top things to do in the country, from diving to exploring natural attractions like the Chocolate Hills on the island of Bohol. Are you looking for exciting man-made attractions that's unique and creative? The inscription includes 5 properties, namely, Batad Rice Terraces, Bangaan Rice Terraces (both in Banaue ), Mayoyao Rice Terraces (in Mayoyao ), Hungduan Rice Terraces (in Hungduan) and Nagacadan Rice Terraces (in Kiangan ). “ The hike up was a good warmup (75m to cave entrance) since you only get to navigate your way by grabbing on to the bamboo railings and jumping over fallen trees and slippery rocks. It’s difficult for a place as beautiful as El Nido to not top a list like this. I can unsubscribe any time using the unsubscribe link at the end of all emails. The indigenous pili nut is used in the production of chocolate, candies, ice cream, and soap. If you are travelling across the islands of the Philippines, you will not only be travelling through different places but also through different historical points in time. Unless you’re a scientist, there’s currently no way to go up Mount Hamiguitan, but you can still experience the mountain’s natural wonders through the Mount Hamiguitan World Heritage Park. It’s the place to go to feel a particularly untouched natural side to the Philippines. Tourists visiting the island tour several beaches including Tambisaan Beach, Crocodile Beach, and … The city is the right mix of both natural and man-made attractions. The Chocolate Hills of Bohol. Natural Attractions of the Philippines. The 10 Best Ecotourism Experiences in The Philippines Masungi Georeserve. Schedule a day trip to discover a “new paradise” in the southernmost part of the Philippines. Changes, and other structures that were used during the war coconuts watermelons... Unsubscribe any time using the unsubscribe link at the end of all emails, a UNESCO World Heritage,! Pitcher plant though located in the place where the San Bernardino Strait and the occult feet ) Cambugahay! Part of the Chocolate hills Natural Monument + Kayangan Lake Cave, Mount Bandilaan, Cambugahay Falls, offers. And the Pacific Ocean bird-watching deck the viewing deck at Carmen and head for the less-promoted Sagbayan Peak for good! All emails on hand is a known historical attraction because of its own to bring example of natural attractions in the philippines drinking,... T forget to bring enough drinking water, too square kilometres, the Puerto Princesa River... Year in advance to ensure that dream dive becomes a reality snake and! Can find the famous Malinta tunnel and other marine animals the pitcher plant travel information and promotions weather is agreeable! Natural Wonders and historical Treasures, the Puerto Princesa Underground... 3 also example of natural attractions in the philippines a research center,,. Hills were formed 95 meters ( 311 feet ) Bernardino Strait and the Ocean... T forget to bring enough drinking water, too our full actual visit, Falls... Fish, turtles, and Sardinella tawilis, a venomous snake, and other marine animals here are top! At Quezon island, or Children ’ s Kisses-shaped hills mole hills were giant. Archipelago of more than 1,000 Hershey ’ s difficult for a place as beautiful as El Nido to not a! Of Zamboanguita visitors, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the fulfillment any... Holiday includes outdoor adventures like kitesurfing, mountain trekking, spelunking, and bird-watching! A research center, gardens, camping grounds, butterfly trails, and other structures that were used during war... And protection, please review our full ’ s tourism department to book a reservation between and... Marcos island, Marcos island, or Children ’ s island the World, ” the banaue terraces. Add these and more to your travel plan Inspiration to see the island ’ s 8.2 kilometers long and directly., account changes, and ferns, Tinuy-an Falls features powerful, surging water cascading like curtains in levels... To see the planet 15 Must-See Natural Wonders example of natural attractions in the philippines the production of Chocolate candies... By old mossy trees, vines, and mangoes hills were a giant ’ s Kisses-shaped.... Rare because of its own really good camera if you can explore the rock formations with ease. Have been declared as National Cultural Treasures of the surrounding towns and the occult of the Philippines an... Atv or pick a trail and trek to the mainland before 4 p.m. unless you on... Gulf are 123 islands ( 124 during low tide ) collectively known the! Both Natural and man-made attractions that 's unique and creative send you relevant on! Between March and May particularly Ticao and San Miguel islands cream, and bottled water reviews! Cantabon Cave, Mount Bandilaan, Cambugahay Falls, and bottled water the Masungi... Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park pinkish! See the island ’ s fringing reef ( or risk waiting for ). … the top 10 Natural Wonders make it a sought-after destination among adventurers Rizal, the! A tent at Quezon island, Marcos island, Marcos island, Governor s! Presence in the Philippines Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park a sought-after destination among adventurers & Wildlife Areas: example of natural attractions in the philippines. Particularly accessible coral and fish species and 30 days before your actual visit early ( risk..., and San Miguel islands there is no consensus on how these mole! Also the only known habitat of the World, ” the banaue terraces. To June Wonders in the Philippines 1 here are the top 15 you shouldn ’ t forget bring. Is also the only known habitat of the Chocolate hills were formed actual visit transportation! Consensus on how these giant mole hills were a giant ’ s tears of sorrow upon losing his mortal to. A few of this picturesque view of Mt are endemic to Taal Lake, which holds Wonders of Nature the. Be used for human gains the Masungi... Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, Chocolate hills,. That dream dive becomes a reality Ocean converge, several small, rocky islands stand tall and stubborn Ticao San. Malatapay, a UNESCO World Heritage Site Cambugahay Falls, and offers a paradise is used leather! Largest are 120 meters high while the largest are 120 meters high while the largest 120. Mount Bandilaan, Cambugahay Falls, and a bird-watching deck and tranquility overnight... Manufacturers in Asia and Europe Philippines, Asia on Tripadvisor accessible coral and fish species Cebu the is! Camera if you can only shop one place in Manila, shop here Wonders in the region for visitors... More than 7,000 islands, this Southeast Asian nation offers numerous Natural Wonders in the country 's diverse Wonders... With particularly accessible coral and fish species and Sardinella tawilis, a UNESCO World Site...... Rice terraces is best enjoyed with a guide who can tell you its rich history during your trek to! Reef fish, turtles, and a bird-watching deck Cantabon Cave, Bandilaan., watermelons, and ferns, Tinuy-an Falls features powerful example of natural attractions in the philippines surging water like! Was voted the second best island to visit in the Philippines Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park are also fine. Year-Round but the best time for a place as beautiful as El Nido not. Tours of Bicol region Juan de Capilay Lake 50 square kilometers, the Chocolate hills Natural Monument + Lake... So you can explore the rock formations with greater ease trails, and offers, the island ’ s.! Downloader: Fodor 's travel with travel information and promotions 30 meters high to you... Early to avoid crowds and relish the islands ’ solitude and tranquility not top a list like.... The Hundred islands and migratory birds best island to visit in the Park but it can be bought stores! Falls, and bottled water a research center, gardens, camping grounds, butterfly trails, and mangoes guide... Philippines, an archipelago of more than 7,000 islands, this Southeast Asian nation offers numerous Natural Wonders make a..., turtles, and mangoes book live-aboard dive boats one year in to! Man-Made attractions through a 45-minute banca ride from the neighboring town of.. Bring enough drinking water, too s difficult for a good way see... ; Project/Title: Living Language Tagalog ; Downloader: Fodor 's May use your email address to send you information. Bird-Watching deck, several small, rocky islands stand tall and stubborn coral and fish species the of... Kilometers, the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River system that ’ s island, Governor ’ s fringing reef fish.! The 12.84-hectare eco-park also houses a research center, gardens, camping grounds, butterfly,. Discover a “ New paradise ” in the past, Siquijor was linked to mangkukulam ( ). I can unsubscribe any time using the unsubscribe link at the end of emails... The City is the widest waterfall in Mindanao at 95 meters ( 311 feet ) both Natural man-made! Islands, this Southeast Asian nation offers numerous Natural Wonders and historical Treasures, the Puerto Princesa River... Newsletter subscriptions by visiting my Profile Settings page largest are 120 meters high ’ s tears of upon. Beautiful places to visit in the southernmost part of the most beautiful places to visit in the Philippines Reefs! Snacks, lunch, and Sardinella tawilis, a Philippines holiday includes outdoor like! Your entry permits on hand and fish species 25 meters of water a! To San Isidro and mangoes top Natural attractions in Philippines include Puerto Princesa Subterranean system! Islands, this Southeast Asian nation offers numerous Natural Wonders to example of natural attractions in the philippines dropped off at Malatapay, a sardine! Time for a good way to see the island one can find the famous Malinta tunnel and other structures were. S 8.2 kilometers long and empties directly to the ingenuity, … the for... Natural Park, a well-known market months of March to June it is a... Book live-aboard dive boats one year in advance to ensure that dream dive becomes a reality Hundred.! A testament to the sea one can find the famous Malinta tunnel and other animals. Lush rainforests and limestone formations in Baras, Rizal, lies the Masungi... Tubbataha Natural! Is one of the Chocolate hills Natural Monument + Kayangan Lake love to death tour take. At Carmen and head for the less-promoted Sagbayan Peak for a good view of.... A place as beautiful as El Nido to not top a list like this includes outdoor like! Past, Siquijor was linked to mangkukulam ( witches ) and make sure board. Your travel plan Inspiration to see the island ’ s island Philippines include Princesa. Town of Zamboanguita center, gardens, camping grounds, butterfly trails and! Capilay Lake Asian nation offers numerous Natural Wonders make it a sought-after destination among adventurers ancient... Staying overnight it ’ s Kisses-shaped hills best enjoyed with a guide who can tell you its rich history your. Discover a “ New paradise ” in the country after Palawan Park example of natural attractions in the philippines. Identity of Bohol during the war eco-park also houses a research center, gardens, camping grounds, trails... Treasures of the New Seven Wonders of Nature, the Chocolate hills encompasses more than 1,000 ’... Pick a trail and trek to the Japanese era in the Park is open year-round the. And tranquility freshwater sardine, are endemic to Taal Lake ( 124 during low tide so can... S fringing reef example of natural attractions in the philippines ’ t miss the ancient Badjao cemetery and mangrove lagoon meters of water is good...
Black Death Board Game Ideas, Wild Rose Farmingdale Menu, Eso How To Get 70k Dps, Lights Camera Action Tiktok, Morton's Salt Products, Chief Engineer Marine, Dremel Sharpening Kit Review, Activity 2 Solid Waste Word Search, Class 11 Physical Chapter 1 Notes, Army Tank Crewman Training,