2. Globule leukocytes are present in the respiratory epithelium of the larynx and trachea in rats (Renne et al 2003, 2009). In Holtzman and Long–Evans rats, as well as in Wistar rats, Fordyce’s granules are found in the molar gingiva. NIH Wistar and Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats are most commonly used experimental rats. FIGURE 2.16 Perl’s-positive hemosiderin pigment present in the red pulp of a rat spleen. Reproduction of the rat, mouse, dog, non-human primate and minipig, Non-human primates: Cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus (Macaca mulatta) macaques and the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), Background Lesions in Laboratory Animals A Color Atlas. ×100. a strain of winter wheat). ×100. 2.37). It is found most frequently in the subintimal myocardium of the left ventricular wall and is more common in male rats (MacKenzie & Alison 1990). Adipose tissue infiltration in the heart is characterized by the presence of subepicardial adipose cells and is often observed in older, obese animals (Ruben 2000). This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Wistar rats. FIGURE 2.6 Medial hypertrophy in heart artery. In addition, the lesion is characterized by focal areas of hemorrhage, hemosiderin pigmentation, hyalinization, thrombi formation, inflammatory and mast cells and polypoid projections (Ruben, 2000). ×200. Generally the subcapsular and medullary sinuses are dilated. Clara cells (Fig. Ossification of laryngeal cartilage in the rat. ×100. ×200. FIGURE 2.45 Cyst lined by ciliated epithelium in the non-glandular stomach of the rat. ×200. Vascular ectasia (also known as angiectasia, vascular sinus dilatation, peliosis, telangiectasis) is the dilatation of vascular channels within the medullary sinuses (Frith et al 2000b). The hairless mutation appeared in a SPRAGUE DAWLEY® colony in 2004; Bazzi et al. Lipofuscinosis results in golden brown pigment granules at the poles of the nuclei of myocytes (Ruben 2000). Hyperinflation (Renne et al 2003) or pulmonary acinar ectasia consists of areas of alveolar dilatation and may be observed in the subpleural region in aged rats (Renne et al 2003) (Fig. The rat spleen, particularly in female animals, normally has minimal to slight amounts of hemosiderin. ×200. The adult body weight is 250-300g for females, and 450-520g for males. Arterial thrombosis (not caused by arteritis) occurs occasionally in the lung, kidney, liver and adrenal (Ruben 2000). Cystic degeneration (Fig. Occasionally pleural tags (Fig. The rat spleen normally has a minimal level of extramedullary hematopoiesis; however, it is very difficult to distinguish between normal and excessive levels of extramedullary hematopoiesis. ×100. ×100. A number of rat species are used in research, contract research organizations and in the pharmaceutical industry including the Wistar, Sprague Dawley and Fischer 344 rat. 2016 Feb 29;8(3):126. doi: 10.3390/nu8030126. The pathogenesis is unknown but may be related to immune complex disease. In 1991, 8 colonies were selected to form the IGS Foundation Colony. 2.34). Differences between the commonly used rat strains provided by different breeders (i.e., CD (SD) vs. Harlan Sprague- … The effect of high-fat diet and 13-cis retinoic acid application on lipid profile, glycemic response and oxidative stress in female Lewis rats. FIGURE 2.18 Thymic cysts lined by squamous epithelium. 2.33) is observed commonly in the lungs of young and old rats. Potential differences between these strains in DNT endpoints have not been extensively investigated. ×200. Food accummulation around the molar in the rat oral cavity. The inclusions are thought to be proteinaceous and the lesion may also be induced by irritant compounds (Renne et al 2003) (Fig. Pigmented macrophages in the sinuses (Fig. Ilić I, Oršolić N, Rođak E, Odeh D, Lovrić M, Mujkić R, Delaš Aždajić M, Grgić A, Tolušić Levak M, Vargek M, Dmitrović B, Belovari T. PLoS One. Heart valve cysts may occasionally be observed in the heart valves of rats (Fig. Fischer 344 rats, especially the female sex, exposed to chronic daily irritation by gavage, are predisposed to high mortality rates on chronic studies due to the high incidence of cartilage degeneration, which presumably leads to a dysfunction of the larynx (Germann et al 1998). Intimal and/or medial sclerosis with mineralization of the elastic fibres occurs in the aorta (Ruben 2000). FIGURE 2.14 Capsular cyst in rat spleen. ×100. 2.16) is observed as a background lesion in rats. The vaso vasorum of the mesenteric arteries of the rat can occasionally be confused with a treatment-related finding (Fig. However, the majority of these effects were more pronounced or earlier detected in Wistar rats. In addition, tattoo pigment which has drained to the peripheral lymph nodes may occasionally be observed in rat lymph nodes (Fig. Isolated cystic spaces in lung parenchyma are rarely seen in rats and are of uncertain origin. The gut microbiota of SD rats was less abundant in Bacteroides and Prevotella but richer in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus comparatively to the gut microbiota of Wistar rats. Pulmonary acinar ectasia in the rat lung. 2.42) is a congenital lesion generally involving the incisor teeth and it may be related to malocclusion or food impaction (Fig. 2.25) are often present in the rat lung and represent an agonal event, particularly in rats killed with carbon dioxide or those that die spontaneously (Renne et al 2003). Furthermore, mineralization of mucus is rarely noted within bronchioles of the lungs and within the lumena of the nasal turbinates (Figs 2.39, 2.40). FIGURE 2.3 Endocardial mesenchymal proliferation in the rat heart. Ectopic thymus is a common finding adjacent to the thyroid. ×100. ×100. ×200. Sebaceous gland ectopia in the oral cavity is observed at the base of the molar teeth (male rats) and between the upper incisors (Bertram et al 1996). In this study, we compared metabolic profiles of Wistar and SD rat hepatocytes from middle (6 months) and old (23 months) age groups. These thrombi may be emboli originating from atrial thromboses in older rats. Zhang XY, Guo CC, Yu YX, Xie L, Chang CQ. 2.2), predominantly lymphocytes. References [edit | edit source] ↑ | Mineralization of Peyer’s patches in the small intestine of the rat. eCollection 2020. ×100. The results indicated that wild rats and Long-Evans rats did not differ on any measure, with Fischer-Norway rats being only slightly inferior. These consist of pleural extensions which often contain mononuclear cells such as lymphocytes. Apple-Derived Pectin Modulates Gut Microbiota, Improves Gut Barrier Function, and Attenuates Metabolic Endotoxemia in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity. FIGURE 2.36a Dilated submucosal glands in the larynx of the rat. In addition, squamous cysts may also be encountered in the gingiva or associated with the teeth in the oral cavity (. studied the development of the hair follicle in individuals that displayed the hairless phenotype. Eosinophilic inclusions in the olfactory epithelium of the rat nasal turbinate. Foci of mineralized concretions or corpora amylacea (Fig. Mean hormone level in blood samples collected every four hours during a 24 hour period do differ between both strain of rats. 2016 Nov 24;3:50. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00050. 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